Missouri is home to a vast diversity of mushroom species that can be found thriving across the forests and woodlands throughout the different seasons. For those interested in mushroom hunting, Missouri offers great opportunities to discover new mushrooms and potentially find edible varieties.
Let’s see the best times to hunt, ideal locations, tips for identification, and some popular edible species found in Missouri.
Best Times to Hunt
There are a few prime times during the year when mushroom fruiting is at its peak in Missouri:
1. Late summer/early fall (August-October): This is considered the peak mushroom season in Missouri. The warmer months following summer rains provide ideal conditions for many mushroom species to fruit.
2. Early spring (March-May): As temperatures begin to warm up after winter, you may find a handful of choice edible species popping up such as morels and lion’s mane.
3. Following heavy rain events: Periods of sustained rain significantly increase the chances of finding mushroom fruitings across the state. Scout woodland areas within a few days after soaking rains.
Ideal Hunting Locations
While mushrooms can pop up in various landscapes, some specific habitat types are especially rich locations for foraging in Missouri:
- Oak-hickory forests: Some of the best and most diverse mushroom habitat occurs in mature oak and hickory woodlands throughout the state.
- River bottoms and floodplains: Low-lying areas near streams and rivers experience regular flood events that encourage mushroom growth.
- Parks and woodland preserves: Public lands managed for conservation often protect pristine mushroom habitats. Try areas like Rock Bridge Memorial State Park.
- Old orchards: Abandoned fruit trees attract a mix of edible and medicinal mushroom species.
- Wooded edges and trails: Transition areas where the forest meets the field can concentrate fruiting.
Tips for Identification
Only consume wild mushrooms you have positively identified. Always remember:
- Spore print color is a crucial identification characteristic for many mushroom species.
- Look at all identifying features, including cap, gills/pores, stipe, odor, habitat, and bruising reactions.
- Start with learning the most common edible species before attempting any that may have toxic lookalikes.
- Consult field guides and identification apps to cross-reference and confirm IDs. Don’t rely on online photos alone.
- When in doubt, throw it out! Never consume any mushroom you aren’t 100% certain of.
Popular Edible Mushrooms in Missouri
Some delicious, safe-to-eat mushrooms to focus your search on include:
1. Morels (Morchella spp.):
A prized harbinger of spring in Missouri woodlands from March to May. Distinctive pitted/honeycombed conical caps.
2. Chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius):
Abundant from June to October with their golden yellow gills and peppery taste. Readily self-identify.
3. Chicken of the Woods (Laetiporus sulphureus):
A large shelf-like orange mushroom growing on oak and other hardwoods in fall. Delicious cooked.
4. Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus):
A frothy white “mane” growing on hardwoods in fall and winter, with a texture like crabmeat.
5. Black Trumpets (Craterellus fallax):
Coil-shaped mushrooms dotting wooded hollows in late summer, with an earthy, nutty flavor.
6. Hen of the Woods (Grifola frondosa):
A choice edible polypore forming clusters on oak trunks in fall, resembling a poufy hen with orange caps.
7. Puffballs (Calvatia, Lycoperdon):
Harmless edible stages when white and fleshy inside like tofu. Avoid any with partial veils/gills developing.
8. Meadow Mushroom (Agaricus campestris):
A common edible species closely resembling its toxic “Lepiota” cousins. Only pick from grassy areas.
Ethical Foraging Tips
When harvesting mushrooms for the table, be sure to follow the best practices:
- Only collect the mushrooms you need and leave plenty behind to spread spores.
- Get permission before foraging on private lands. Avoid protected areas.
- Handle mushrooms gently and carry them in mesh/paper bags for airflow.
- Conserve habitat by staying on trails and not damaging plants.
- Consider joining a mycology club to learn from experienced foragers.
Mushroom Hunting Basics:
Safety First:
- Always consult reliable field guides or consult with experienced mushroom hunters before consuming any wild mushrooms.
- Avoid mushrooms with gills that are white or have a ring around the stem, as these are often poisonous.
- Never consume raw mushrooms; always cook them thoroughly to eliminate potential toxins.
Essential Gear:
- Sturdy basket or container for collecting mushrooms.
- Sharp knife for cutting mushrooms.
- Field guide for mushroom identification.
- Magnifying glass for detailed examination.
- Protective clothing, including long sleeves, pants, and a hat.
Conclusion
With a bit of practice identifying key features and learning preferred habitats, you’ll be well on your way to discovering some of the delicious mushrooms growing right under our noses across Missouri landscapes. Have fun exploring and don’t forget to share any finds on social media with the hashtag #MOmushrooms!
